EGG REJECTION BEHAVIOR DOES NOT EXPLAIN THE LACK OF COWBIRD PARASITISM ON AN EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN POPULATION OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS

Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of cowbird parasitism on an eastern North American population of Red-winged Blackbirds

Abstract Background Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), hereafter red-wings, are much less frequently parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in eastern North America than in central North America and had not been recorded as hosts in our study area in southeastern Pennsylvania.Although hosts of Old World cuckoos (Cuculidae)

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Asymptotic Optimality and Rates of Convergence of Quantized Stationary Policies in Continuous-Time Markov Decision Processes

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic optimality of quantized stationary policies for continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs) in Polish spaces with SPORT CONTINUOUS SPRAY SPF 50+ state-dependent discount factors, where the transition rates and reward rates are allowed to be unbounded.Using the dynamic programming approach, we first

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